The impact of exercise on depression is multifaceted, involving a combination of physiological, biochemical, and psychological factors. Endorphin release, neurogenesis, neurotransmitter regulation, inflammation reduction, distraction, increased self-efficacy, and social interaction all contribute to the antidepressant effects of physical activity. These mechanisms collectively help improve mood, reduce stress, and enhance overall well-being, making exercise a powerful and accessible tool in the management of depression.

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